HOPE  
BIOSCIENCES
SOLID CANCER  
 
 
 
 
 
Solid Cancers start in a single cell that has been damaged (mutated). that cell is the source of the primary cancer.
 
Solid Cancer is a condition where cells multiply. but this multiplying is continuous and not normal. The cells divide and grow out of control. they may grow into nearby tissue or spread to distant parts of the body. Over time, the mass of cancer cells can get big enough to make lumps (also called masses or tumors) that can be felt or seen.
 
MALIGNANT TUMORS
 
Are cancer and may be a threat to life. can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs, can spread or metastasize. Cancer cells break away from a malignant tumor and move through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form tumors in other parts of the body.
 
CANCER METASTASIS
 
With time, the cancer cell can grow and form a new tumor that may not be near the primary site. When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called metastatic cancer.
 
Metastases are responsible for 90% of solid cancer deaths, metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients.
 
 
CANCER RECURRENCE
 
When cancer returns after a period of remission, it's considered a recurrence. A cancer recurrence happens because, in spite of the best efforts to rid you of your cancer, some cells from your cancer remained. These cells can grow and may cause symptoms.
 
These cells could be in the same place where your cancer first originated, or they could be in another part of your body. These cancer cells may have been dormant for a period of time. But for reasons that aren't understood, eventually they continued to multiply, resulting in the reappearance of the cancer.
 
In rare instances, you may be diagnosed with a new cancer that's completely unrelated to your first cancer. This is referred to as a second primary cancer.
 
NK CELL-BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY
IN CANCER METASTASIS & RECURRENCE
 
Innate immune natural killer (NK) cells are capable of killing metastatic and recurrence cancer cells without activation by antigen-presenting cells beforehand. The cytotoxic effects and immune regulation of NK cells are precisely controlled by an energetic balance of signals produced by a group of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells, while metastatic and recuttence tumor cells with multiple strategies escape immune cells attack.
 
 
 
 
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